Latest Documents
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January 08, 2025Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR) and Stability in Africa
Report on the Conference on Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Stability (DDR) in Africa which took place from 21 to 23 June 2005 in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Organized by the Government of the Republic of Sierra Leone and the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA). Specific case studies presented on Angola, Burundi, DRC, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe.
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January 08, 2025Challenges to policy and practice in the DDR of Youth combatants in Liberia
This paper gives a brief historical background to the conflict in Liberia and explores the factors that led to youth recruitment. The importance of and mechanisms for both social and economic reintegration are explored and considered - including as an intervention to try and prevent recruitment and recycling into conflicts in neighbouring countries.
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January 08, 2025Transitional Justice and DDR: The Case of Liberia
Explores the relationship between transitional justice and the DDRR program in Liberia during the period of the negotiation of the CPA in 2003 through August 2007, as well as a brief overview of an earlier failed DDRR process.
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January 08, 2025Final Disarmament, Demobilisation & Reintegration of Somalia Militia
This 2005 scoping paper considers the role of DDR in stabilisation efforts within the Somalia context and what types of programme approaches may be appropriate. Predating subsequent literature on 2G DDR it nevertheless identifies many of the challenges associated with DDR, and its potential utility, in a security and political context where there are multiple groups and ongoing conflict.
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January 08, 2025Review of International Financing Arrangements for DDR, Phase 1 Report to Workin
This paper constitutes the first part of a review, commissioned by the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, of the experience of international actors in financing disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. It is intended to inform the financing-related discussions of Working Group 2 of the Swedish Initiative on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (SIDDR).
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January 08, 2025The R-Phase of Reintegration; An Overview of key lessons learned and Practical E
The paper aims to map key lessons learned and practical experiences of DDR processes. It specifically focuses on reintegration an explores issues related to urban and rural reintegration, cash benefits, sequencing and national ownership. Useful discussion on Evaluation of DDR Programmes (Section 3.7)
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January 08, 2025DDR in Uganda, A Mini Case Study
This case study on DDR in Uganda was conducted against the backdrop of the ongoing LRA insurgency, at a time when the GoU was conducting a Defence Review with support of donors and when non-formal armed groups were being offered Amnesty and reintegration support. It explores issues around whether effective linkages were developed between DDR efforts, SSR and SALW and the factors underpinning this.
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January 08, 2025DDR in DRC: Programme update
Update report on the progress of DDR activities and the DDR programme in DRC at that time. Provides some interesting commentary on the challenges associated with SSR and programme linkages and the reintegration of groups with special needs
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January 08, 2025DDR 2008. Analysis of World's DDR programmes in 2007
In depth comparative analysis of 19 DDR programmes in Africa, it covers Angola, Burundi, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Liberia, Niger, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda and Guinea-Bissau. Useful contextual and programme analysis.
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January 08, 2025Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Children Associated with Fighti
Captures key lessons learned in the children’s component of the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) programme in Sierra Leone.
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January 08, 2025Negotiating peace in Sierra Leone: Confronting the Justice challenge
Explores issues related to the Lomé Accord and access to Justice - some discussion on tensions between ex-combatant reintegration and justice for victims in Sierra Leone and the role of Amnesties
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January 08, 2025Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the
Protocol relating to establishment of the peace and security council of the AU - of relevance to the role of member states in supporting DDR and broader conflict resolution and prevention efforts
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January 08, 2025Cross Border Criminal Activities in West Africa: Options for Effective Response
Useful exploration of dynamics associated with cross border crimes in West Africa - important linkages to DDR in terms of cross border involvement of rebel groups / armed gangs in weapons smuggling, narcotics and human trafficking and related issues for DDR. Includes exploration of issues in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria and Guinea Bissau in particular
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January 08, 2025Reintegration and Long-Term Development: Linkages and Challenges
Explores the interface between DDR and strategies for post conflict reconstruction and long term development - including Transitional Results Frameworks and Poverty Reduction Strategies etc. Some useful examples of specific reintegration challenges and successes are raised and highlighted.
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January 08, 2025Second International conference on DRR in Africa, Kinshasa DRC " Linkage between
Report of 2007 Second International Conference on DDR in Africa, Analysis of DDR trends, developments and institutional arrangements. Useful mini-compendium of DDR experiences in a number of countries. Specifically identified needs to address regional aspects of conflict dynamics, women and children associated with armed groups and Transitional Justice
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January 08, 2025Avoiding Disarmament Failure: The Critical link in DDR, an operational manual fo
Highlights some of the most important obstacles to disarmament in DDR and how these may be overcome. Includes a detailed description of approaches to disarmament and potential programme design. Focuses heavily on examples drawn from DRC and Liberia.
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January 08, 2025Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration: Testing the Pr
Report emanating out of a series of roundtable discussions. Emphasizes the importance of understanding and analyzing the political and conflict dynamics in which DDR will be implemented and the need to establish linkages between DDR and wider SSR efforts. Useful commentary on the negative impacts of weapons buy back programmes in West Africa and innovative approaches to disarmament in Sudan.
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January 08, 2025Disarming the Past: Transitional justice and ex-combatants
Research and reflection on the relationship between DDR and transitional justice, arguing that DDR programs and transitional justice mechanisms can both benefit from greater coordination and linkages, concludes with lessons learned and suggested ways to move forward.
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January 08, 2025Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR): Conceptual approaches, spec
Lengthy document that identifies and describes in detail the evolution of DDR programmes and considers its practice and its application in different political and security contexts. Contains useful commentary and analysis on implications of regional/cross border conflict on DDR programming and relationship between DDR and post conflict justice approaches.
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January 08, 2025Education for Livelihoods and Civic Participation in Post-Conflict Countries
This document explores issues related to the provision of TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) in post conflict settings - and its relationship and role with DDR interventions in some detail. The report highlights the importance of adequate labor market analysis in post conflict settings and linkages between BTVET and employment opportunities.
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January 08, 2025Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Program (RDRP) Tracer Study
Presents findings of a tracer study conducted amongst 2000 Rwandan XC. Contains statistically significant data on social and economic reintegration and trends and explores lessons learned.
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January 08, 2025Guns, Camps and Cash: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reinsertion of Former Comb
Identifies and explores issues related to DDR in a number of political and security contexts. Specifically explores issues related to disarmament and use of weapons buy back programmes, approaches to cantonment and their impact, and approaches to the provision of Financial Reinsertion Assistance. Country examples provided from a number of locations.
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January 08, 2025Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration
Based on a sample of over 1000 ex-combatants in Sierra Leone this study sought to explore individual, group and community level determinants of reintegration success defined as whether ex-combatants have been accepted by their families, found employment, rejected their faction as a political actor and accepted the democratic process.
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January 08, 2025Ex-combatants in Burundi: Why they joined, why they left, how they fared
Drawing on interviews with 63 ex-combatants (rural and urban) this report explores the reasons that respondents joined armed groups and also what drove them to join the DDR programme before going on to examine how successfully they appear to have been reintegrated.