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SSR & DDR Linkages

Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration: Testing the Principles

Report emanating out of a series of roundtable discussions. Emphasizes the importance of understanding and analyzing the political and conflict dynamics in which DDR will be implemented and the need to establish linkages between DDR and wider SSR efforts. Useful commentary on the negative impacts of weapons buy back programmes in West Africa and innovative approaches to disarmament in Sudan.

English

Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR): Conceptual approaches, specific settings, practical experiences

Lengthy document that identifies and describes in detail the evolution of DDR programmes and considers its practice and its application in different political and security contexts. Contains useful commentary and analysis on implications of regional/cross border conflict on DDR programming and relationship between DDR and post conflict justice approaches. Useful set of Annex listing DDR interventions since 1990 (to 2005) and summary analysis of contexts in which they were delivered and impact .

English

Second Generation Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Practices in Peace Operations

This document explores key aspects of planning and implementation of DDR in increasingly complex environments identifying key challenges and potential policy and programming options. Thematic areas covered include the role of community based programmes, commander incentive programmes, at risk youth programmes and alternative approaches to weapons collection and management. Provides a useful overview of the need for multiple approaches in complex environments and draws on a number of country examples /case studies to emphasize points.

English

Rumours of Peace, Whispers of War: Assessment of the reintegration of ex-combatants into civilian life in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri DRC

Assessment of the reintegration of XCs into civilian life in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri DRC. Includes a fairly detailed overview of the context in which DDR was attempted. Interesting commentary and recommendations on issues related to the absorption of some ex-combatants into new military structures (and why it may have failed) and the use/utility of reinsertion kits provided to ex-combatants.

English

DDR 20 Years Later: Historical Review of the Long-term Impact of Post-independence DDR in Southern Africa

Historical review and analysis of the long-term impact of DDR in several Southern African countries - draws a useful distinction between DDR associated with end of armed conflict and military downsizing as part of broader PFM /SSR processes. Key findings and lessons learned usefully summarised at end of the document (page 31-33). Report suggests that a key lesson for current and future DDR programmes that devising appropriate and sustainable reintegration processes at the onset is essential
otherwise future interventions (possibly at a higher cost) may have to be pursued

English

The Role of ex-combatants and Veterans in violence in transitional societies

Provides an overview of the issue of ex-combatant violence in southern Africa and explores the impact of conflict on male gender roles and its impact on social reintegration, identity and trauma and the role of weapons in post conflict societies. Draws on experience and examples from Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique and Angola

English

DDR of Ex-Combatants in a Peacekeeping Environment

Guidelines for policy and practice of DDR within a PSO - covering approaches, main issues, procedures, and post-conflict peacebuilding. Section 6 (starting on p.81) covers procedures for demobilization and reintegration and includes procedures for encampment, weapons decommissioning etc. Focused largely on the provision of 'classic' linear DDR annexes contain samples of forms and procedures (drawn from Sierra Leone) for screening and registration, weapons destruction etc. that may be of value to practitioners.

English

World Bank Pension Reform Primer: Pensions and Other Compensation in Post Conflict Countries

Useful policy brief that explores the challenges of considering benefits and pensions when dealing with the support of "veterans" in the aftermath of conflict. Discusses linkages between military pensions reform and DDR benefits and programmes and eligibility criteria. Examples drawn from a number of countries. A Table at the end of the document provides a useful summary of key lessons learned (page 8-9)

English

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Topic Resources

October 18, 2024

Draws on research on Reintegration of ex-refugees and ex-fighters in post conflict Eritrea.

October 18, 2024

Report on the proceedings of an international experts’ workshop, with, the theme “Challenges of Implementation in Cote d’Ivoire”, held at

October 18, 2024

Interesting example of what might be considered a simply articulated Transitional Results Framework for Peacebuilding in the Comoros Cont

October 18, 2024

This lengthy report is comprehensive study of armed groups and small arms in the ECOWAS region up to early 2005.