Department FrontPage

Report of the Chairperson of the Commission on the evolution of the peace process in Western Sahara and other related issues

I. INTRODUCTION

1. This report is submitted in pursuance of the relevant decisions of both the Executive Council and the Assembly of the Union, requesting me to pursue my efforts with respect to the search for a solution to the conflict in Western Sahara and to provide regular updates on the evolution of the situation.

II. BACKGROUND

2. It will be recalled that, following concerns expressed during successive meetings of the relevant AU policy organs at the lack of progress in the search for a solution to the conflict in Western Sahara, the Executive Council, at its 22nd Ordinary Session held in Addis Ababa from 24 to 25 January 2013, adopted decision EX.CL/Dec.758(XXII) in which it requested the Commission “to take all necessary measures for the organization of a referendum for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, in compliance with the relevant decisions of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and United Nations (UN) resolutions.” This decision was taken against the backdrop of continued stalemate in the peace process, in spite of the fact that both the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council have adopted numerous resolutions, calling for the exercise of the right of self-determination by the people of the Territory. Western Sahara has been inscribed since 1963 on the list of territories to which UN General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and People applies. To-date, Western Sahara remains on the UN list of the 16 dependent territories yet to exercise their right to self-determination.

3. Efforts towards the search for a solution to the problem had been ongoing, in some form or another, ever since the UN, in mid-1970s, had called on Spain, as the Administering Power of the Territory, to organize a referendum of self-determination for the people of Western Sahara. The challenge brought forth at the time by the Moroccan claim subsequently led to the occupation of the Territory by the latter, in spite of the advisory opinion rendered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on 16 October 1975, affirming that it had not found legal ties of such a nature between Western Sahara and the concerned neighboring countries that might affect the application of resolution 1514 (XV) and, in particular, of the principle of self-determination through the free and genuine expression of the will of the people of the Territory. This ushered in a 16-year long armed struggle against Moroccan occupation of the Territory by the forces of the Frente POLISARIO.

4. In August 1988, the Parties accepted the Settlement Proposals presented to them by the UN and the OAU, on the basis of the Peace Plan adopted by the 19th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, held in Addis Ababa from 6 to 12 June 1983. The objective was to enable the people of Western Sahara to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. On 29 April 1991, the Security Council, in resolution 690 (1991), established the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) to organize and conduct the referendum, in cooperation with the OAU. While the ceasefire component of the Proposals agreed to by the two sides in September 1991, still holds, no progress has been made to date regarding the organization of the envisaged referendum for self-determination.

5. Following the difficulties encountered between the end of 1995 and the beginning of 1997 in identifying and registering those eligible to vote in the self-determination referendum, the then UN Secretary-General Personal Envoy, James A. Baker III, facilitated a series of direct talks between the Parties, leading to the signing of the Houston Accords on 16 September 1997. The implementation of the Settlement Proposals ended in February 2000, when Morocco decided to halt any further engagement with the identification process. The subsequent efforts by the UN Secretary-General Personal Envoy, including the submission, in May 2003, of a Peace Plan for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara unanimously supported by the Security Council, in resolution 1495 (2003) of 31 July 2003, as an optimum political solution, did not make it possible to break the impasse. Notably, the Plan proposed an interim period of up to five years under Moroccan jurisdiction and then a referendum of self-determination with three ballot options: integration with Morocco, autonomy under Moroccan jurisdiction and independence. While the Frente POLISARIO consented to the Plan, Morocco objected the inclusion of the option of independence in the envisaged referendum.

6. On 10 and 11 April 2007, respectively, the Frente POLISARIO and Morocco submitted to the UN Secretary-General proposals on how to end the conflict. The Frente POLISARIO proposed a referendum of self-determination, with ballot options of integration, autonomy under Moroccan jurisdiction and independence, while Morocco offered, as a solution, “autonomy within the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Morocco”. In resolution 1754 (2007) adopted on 30 April 2007, the Security Council called upon the Parties to enter into negotiations without preconditions, in good faith, with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, consistent with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, requesting the Secretary-General to set up these negotiations under his auspices.

7. As a follow-up, Ambassador Peter van Walsum, who replaced James Baker as Personal Envoy in July 2005, launched what came to be known as the Manhasset Process, after the name of the place, in New York, where the meetings between the two Parties were held. Four sessions of direct talks were convened between June 2007 and March 2008 without progress, as Morocco insisted that its offer of autonomy was the only basis under which the negotiations could take place.

8. Against this background, the new Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General, Ambassador Christopher Ross, who was appointed in January 2009, proposed, instead of continuing with the direct talks by convening the 5th round, to first organize “informal talks”, the objective of which was to build confidence and trust between the two Parties to facilitate bilateral dialogue towards a more substantive discussion of the core issues at stake in the dispute. This approach was welcomed by the Security Council in its resolution 1871 (2009) of 30 April 2009. Ambassador Ross organized thirteen rounds of informal talks between the Parties, without progress. In October/November 2012, the Personal Envoy, for the first time, visited the Territory to get a firsthand look at the situation on the ground.

III. RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE PEACE PROCESS

9. With the failure of the consultations undertaken in the context of the Security Council approved format of informal talks between the two Parties, the Personal Envoy decided, in March/April 2013, to initiate a new approach in order to facilitate negotiations between the Parties, to achieve “a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara”. As indicated in the report of the Secretary-General of 10 April 2014, the Personal Envoy was “to engage in a period of bilateral consultations with the Parties and neighboring States to gauge whether the Parties are prepared to be flexible in developing the elements of a compromise solution and how the neighboring States can be of assistance”.

10. It is against this background that the Personal Envoy undertook a visit to the region from 20 March to 12 April 2013. In addition to Rabat, Tindouf (Algeria), Algiers and Nouakchott, he also visited Western Sahara for the second time, where he interacted with a wide spectrum of local interlocutors. In his consultations with the Parties, he endeavored to secure their concurrence to his proposal to conduct confidential bilateral discussions with them and undertake shuttle diplomacy as may be needed. He seized the opportunity to urge them “to enter the forthcoming discussions with as much flexibility, creativity and imagination as possible and to move beyond their existing proposals towards a compromise or intermediate solution”. The Personal Envoy undertook another visit to the region from 12 to 25 October 2013, during which he requested the Parties to appoint working groups that would engage with him, on the basis of the guidance provided by the Security Council, first, the substance of a mutually acceptable political solution, second, the means by which the people of Western Sahara would exercise self-determination.

11. The Personal Envoy undertook two visits to the region in 2014: from 18 to 30 January and 27 February to 7 March 2014, respectively. During the first visit, the Personal Envoy held meetings with the working groups established by the Parties at his request, to seek greater clarity on the issues at hand, their positions and their readiness to be flexible. In the second visit, he sought to receive responses to the questions that he had put to the Parties in January 2014. It should be added that, during both visits, he had discussions with the neighboring States of Algeria and Mauritania on how best they could contribute to the search for a solution.

12. In his 10 April 2014 report to the Security Council, the Secretary-General indicated that the reactions of the Parties to the new approach of his Personal Envoy “remain within the parameters of their respective formal proposals”. He, however, added that there was “a measure of hope that the Parties may be able to take a more flexible approach in future discussions”. The Secretary-General recommended to the UN Security Council to comprehensively review the framework that it provided in April 2007 for the negotiating process, should no progress occur before April 2015.

13. In resolution 2152 (2014), adopted on 29 April 2014, the UN Security Council welcomed the Parties’ commitment to continue the process of preparation for a 5th round of negotiations, and called upon them to continue to show political will and work in an atmosphere propitious for dialogue. The Security Council called upon the Parties to continue negotiations under the auspices of the Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments, with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and responsibilities of the Parties in this respect. The question of Western Sahara was considered by the Security Council on 27 October 2014. The Personal Envoy then indicated that the negotiation process remained exactly where it was when the Security Council considered the matter in April 2014.
14. As part of his new approach, the Personal Envoy was planning to hold bilateral discussions with the Parties and with the neighboring States, approximately once a month, with the possibility of convening face-to-face discussions, once sufficient progress has been made. However, he was not able to proceed as planned. While the Frente POLISARIO and the neighboring States of Algeria and Mauritania were prepared to receive him, Morocco was not willing to do so. In January 2015, Morocco lifted its objection, allowing the Personal Envoy, starting from 11 February, to visit Rabat and to proceed thereafter to the other countries of the region. Likewise, the newly-appointed Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for MINURSO, Mrs Kim Bolduc, who could not take up her post in Laayoune for several months, was also allowed to do so on 5 February 2015.

IV. FOLLOW-UP TO THE RELEVANT DECISIONS OF THE AU’S POLICY ORGANS

15. As indicated above, in decision EX.CL.Dec.758 (XXII), the Executive Council requested the Commission to take all necessary measures for the organization of a referendum for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, in compliance with the relevant decisions of the OAU and UN resolutions. In follow-up, on 10 April 2013, I wrote to the Foreign Ministers of the Kingdom of Morocco and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). In those letters, I expressed AU’s concern at the continued stalemate in the conflict and requested the Parties to apprise the Commission of their respective views on the prevailing situation and prospects for its resolution. In a letter addressed to me on 2 May 2013, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of SADR expressed appreciation for the AU’s effort to expedite the decolonization of Western Sahara. On his part, the Foreign Minister of Morocco, in a letter dated 6 May 2013, objected to any specific AU role, stressing that all concerned, particularly in Africa, should support and encourage the efforts of the UN Security Council and the Secretary-General. Also, on 10 April 2013, I addressed a letter to the UN Secretary-General, to stress the need for renewed efforts by the international community to overcome the current impasse and to invite his Personal Envoy to visit Addis Ababa for consultations with the Commission on the way forward. As requested, my letter was shared with the members of the Security Council.

16. In May 2013, I submitted to the 23rd Ordinary Session of the Executive Council, held in Addis Ababa from 19 to 23 May 2013, my first progress report on the situation in Western Sahara [EX.CL/788(XXIII)-Rev.1]. On its part, the Executive Council adopted decision EX.CL/Dec.773(XXIII), in which it reiterated the OAU/AU’s earlier decisions and pronouncements on the situation in Western Sahara and requested me to pursue my efforts, including further consultations with the Parties, as well as continued interaction with the UN and other relevant international stakeholders.

17. As a follow up, the Commission continued its consultations with the UN and other stakeholders in the international community, stressing the imperative for increased international engagement, in order to overcome the impasse in the peace process. More specifically, I discussed the issue in New York, in September 2013, on the margins of the General Assembly, both with the UN Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy. Furthermore, on 2 December 2013, I sent letters to the Parties to transmit the decision adopted by the Executive Council and to inform them that the AU Senior Representative to MINURSO would liaise with them for further exchanges of views on the matter. I also wrote to the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Algeria and Mauritania, as well as to the permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States of America), Spain, as the former Administrative Power in Western Sahara, and the UN Secretary-General, to update them on AU’s efforts, including the decision adopted by the 23rd Ordinary Session of the Executive Council, and to inform them of my intention to send an Envoy to their respective capitals to exchange with them on the situation.

18. In June 2014, I appointed former President Joaquim Chissano of Mozambique as my Special Envoy for Western Sahara. I requested him to undertake consultations with the permanent members of the UN Security Council and Spain, as well as with the UN Secretariat, on how best the AU can support international efforts to find a solution to the conflict on the basis of international legality and urge for renewed international engagement towards the resolution of the conflict in Western Sahara.

19. From 11 to 17 June 2014, the Special Envoy undertook visits to London, Paris, Madrid, Washington and New York, to consult with the relevant British, French, Spanish, US and UN officials. From 6 to 10 September 2014, he visited Moscow, for discussions with Russian officials. From 19 to 22 January 2015, he went to Beijing, where he held consultations with relevant Chinese officials. The Special Envoy had fruitful discussions with all his interlocutors. The following elements emerged from these discussions:

(i) frustration over the lack of progress in the search for a solution to the conflict and the need for renewed international engagement, in particular from the Security Council, to overcome the current impasse, on the basis of the relevant UN Security Council resolutions;

(ii) support for the efforts being undertaken by the Personal Envoy of the UN Secretary-General, including the new approach he has embarked upon since March-April 2013;

(iii) recognition of the positive role that the AU could play in the search for a solution and encouragement for a more active involvement of the continent in the related international efforts, including enhanced contacts with the Parties and other stakeholders. Some interlocutors of the Special Envoy expressed their willingness to support any creative idea the AU may have to help move the process forward, within the framework set by the UN;

(iv) recognition of the critical importance of the report that the UN Secretary-General is expected to submit in April 2015, whose recommendations will inform further international efforts on Western Sahara; and

(v) concern over issues relating to the situation of human rights and the illegal exploitation of the natural resources of the Territory.

20. On 6 February 2015, and at their request, I received a delegation from the Moroccan Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM), led by its Deputy President, Mr. Ilyas El Omari, who is also Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Morocco. The meeting provided an opportunity to discuss a number of issues of common concern, including the prevention and combating of terrorism, women’s empowerment, socio-economic development, Morocco’s relations with the AU and the situation in Western Sahara. On that last point, I stressed the need to find a lasting solution to the conflict that would be acceptable to both Parties on the basis of international legality, and reiterated the AU’s readiness and availability to assist the Parties in overcoming the current stalemate, within the context of the relevant decisions of the AU policy organs. I assured the delegation of the AU’s continued readiness to engage on issues of mutual concern.
21. During the period under review, the policy organs have remained actively seized of the situation in Western Sahara. In decision Assembly/AU/Dec.536(XXIII) on the report of the Peace and Security Council on its Activities and the State of Peace and Security in Africa, the 23rd Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Union, held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, from 26 to 27 June 2014, reiterated the need for renewed efforts to facilitate an early resolution of the conflict, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in line with relevant UN Security Council resolutions. The Assembly also welcomed the consultations then being undertaken by my Special Envoy with international stakeholders. In decision Assembly/AU/Dec.559(XXIV) on the report of the Peace and Security Council on its Activities and the State of Peace and Security in Africa, the 24th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Union, held in Addis Ababa, from 30 to 31 January 2015, reiterated the UN Security Council calls to the Parties to continue negotiations without preconditions and in good faith, and expressed AU’s full support to the efforts of the UN Personal Envoy. The Assembly also welcomed the steps I had taken to follow up on the relevant decision of the Executive Council, and requested me to pursue my efforts, in order to mobilize the necessary support for the UN-led efforts.

22. Furthermore, and in reaction to the plans to organize the Crans Montana Forum in the city of Dakhla, the 24th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Union adopted a declaration on the issue [Assembly/AU/Decl.7(XXIV)]. In that declaration, the Assembly, having reaffirmed earlier AU decisions on Western Sahara and expressed support to my efforts and those of my Special Envoy, in coordination and complementarity with the efforts of the Personal Envoy of the UN Secretary-General, considered that the organization of any international conference in the current circumstances in Western Sahara is in contradiction with the efforts to resolve the conflict; urged Crans Montana and all other organizers to cancel the meeting; and called upon Member States and African civil society not to take part in the Forum. It should also be noted that, following reports that the UN was attending the Forum, which took place from 12 to 14 March 2015, the Secretariat denied those reports and underlined that the Secretary-General did not delegate anyone to represent him or the UN. The Secretariat further stressed that while Dakhla is described in Forum materials as a city in Morocco, the definitive status of Western Sahara is the object of a negotiating process being conducted under the auspices of the Secretary-General in accordance with the relevant UN resolutions.

V. MANDATE AND ACTIVITIES OF MINURSO

23. As indicated above, MINURSO was established by resolution 690 (1991), following the acceptance by the two Parties of the UN/OAU Settlement Plan and its subsequent endorsement by the Security Council. As part of its mandate to implement the provisions of the Settlement Plan, MINURSO conducted the identification of eligible Sahrawi voters to participate in the projected self-determination referendum. With the stalemate brought about by the problems encountered in the appeal process, the main task of MINURSO on the ground relates now to the observation and monitoring of the ceasefire agreement between the Parties. As at March 2015, the Mission had a military component of 220 personnel, against an authorized strength of 246. By resolution 2152 (2014), the Security Council decided to extend MINURSO’s mandate until 30 April 2015. It reaffirmed the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire, and called on the Parties to adhere fully to those agreements, as well as to cooperate fully with the operations of MINURSO.

24. On the ground, MINURSO works closely with the AU Office in Western Sahara, which was established following the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 690 (1991). At the time when MINURSO was engaged on the identification of potential Sahrawi voters for the projected referendum, OAU/AU observers participated in the exercise. Since then, the Office, which is headed by a Senior Representative, Ambassador Yilma Tadesse, of Ethiopia, and located in the MINURSO premises, maintains consultations with the Parties and relevant international stakeholders.

VI. HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION

25. Over the past few years, the Frente POLISARIO, the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) and a number of international human rights activists have been calling on the UN to empower MINURSO with a human rights monitoring mandate. In his 8 April 2013 report on the situation concerning Western Sahara, the UN Secretary-General urged for further international engagement and, given ongoing reports of human rights violations, stressed that the need for independent, impartial, comprehensive and sustained monitoring of the human rights situations in both Western Sahara and the camps has become ever more pressing. While Security Council resolution 2099 (2013) of 25 April 2013 did not empower MINURSO with such a mandate, it however stressed in its preamble the importance of improving the human rights situations in Western Sahara and the Tindouf camps and encouraged the Parties to continue in their respective efforts in this regard.

26. In his 10 April 2014 report, the UN Secretary-General, while welcoming the steps taken by the Parties, stated that “the end goal nevertheless remains the sustained, independent and impartial monitoring of human rights, covering both the Territory and the camps”. In the preamble of resolution 2152 (2014), the Security Council stressed once again the importance of improving the human rights situation, encouraged the Parties to work with the international community to develop and implement independent and credible measures to ensure full respect for human rights, encouraged the Parties to continue in their respective efforts to enhance the promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refugee camps, including freedoms of expression and association, and recognized and welcomed the steps and the initiatives taken by Morocco in this regard.

VII. EXPLOITATION OF WESTERN SAHARA’S NATURAL RESOURCES

27. The issue of the exploitation of the natural resources of Western Sahara by Morocco has been the subject of continued complaints by the Frente Polisario, which underlines that Western Sahara as non-self-governing territory ought to have its natural resources protected for the benefit of its own people, and that the international community should ensure that they are not exploited by Morocco. It has, in that connection, called on Morocco and on all other foreign entities to halt the exploitation of Western Sahara’s resources and desist from entering into any agreements that would violate the Sahrawi people’s permanent sovereignty over their natural resources. In his 10 April 2014 report, and in the light of increased interest in these resources, the UN Secretary-General stressed that it was timely to call upon all relevant actors to “recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount”, in accordance with Chapter XI, Article 73 of the Charter.

VIII. OBSERVATIONS

28. It is a matter of deep concern that four decades after the onset of the conflict of Western Sahara, all efforts aimed at finding a solution have so far failed to achieve the expected results. As a result, the people of the Territory have not been able to exercise their right of self-determination, in line with relevant UN resolutions, although Western Sahara has been on the list of non-self-governing territories since 1963.

29. Against this backdrop, the need for renewed international efforts to overcome the current impasse and facilitate an early resolution of the conflict cannot be over emphasized. As rightly and repeatedly pointed out by the Security Council in its relevant resolutions, “achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would contribute to security and stability in the Sahel region”.

30. I reiterate AU’s support to the efforts of the Personal Envoy of the UN Secretary-General, Ambassador Christopher Ross. He has demonstrated commitment and determination in the discharge of his mandate. I would like, once again, to echo the calls made by the UN Security Council for direct negotiations between the two Parties without preconditions and in good faith, with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, in the context of arrangements consistent with the principles and purposes of the UN Charter. I appeal to the larger international community to lend its full support to the efforts aimed at overcoming the current impasse.

31. I commend the UN Security Council for remaining seized of the matter. I encourage the Security Council to take all necessary decisions to ensure progress in the search for a solution to the conflict in Western Sahara, acknowledging its critical role and primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. In this respect, the Security Council, at its forthcoming April 2015 meeting on Western Sahara, may wish to give serious consideration to the recommendation contained in the above-mentioned Secretary-General report of 10 April 2014 for a comprehensive review of the framework it provided for the negotiating process in April 2007, should no progress occur before April 2015.

32. On my part, and in line with the relevant decisions of the AU policy organs, I will pursue and intensify the efforts already initiated by the Commission in order to foster an international engagement commensurate with the seriousness of the issue at hand. In so doing, the Commission is guided by the need to mobilize all the necessary support for the UN-led efforts, to break the current impasse and resolve the current conflict, which has lasted for far too long. In this respect, I intend, including through my Special Envoy and other appropriate arrangements, to step up the interaction with the Parties to the conflict, the neighboring States and other AU Member States, as well as with the UN and other relevant international stakeholders. The African continent, which, through the OAU, initiated the mediation process, stands to benefit immensely from the resolution of this conflict.

33. As the current mandate MINURSO expires on 30 April 2015, I look forward to its renewal by the Security Council, to give the required space for the continuation of the political efforts. It is my expectation that the Security Council will seize the opportunity to provide MINURSO with a human rights mandate, with the view to ensuring, as highlighted by the UN Secretary-General, sustained, independent and impartial monitoring of human rights in both the Territory and the refugee camps. Equally important, is the need to address the issue of the exploitation of the Territory’s natural resources, bearing in mind the call made in the UN Secretary-General report of 10 April 2014.

34. I would like to pay tribute to my Special Envoy, former President Joaquim Chissano, for having accepted the mission I entrusted to him and for his commitment. I am also grateful to my Senior Representative to MINURSO, Amb. Yilma Tadesse, for his continued efforts. I appreciate the support that MINURSO continues to provide to the AU Office in Laayoune, which is a further testimony to the close partnership between the AU and the UN in the area of peace and security.

African Union World TB Day 2015
Reach the 1.3 Million in Africa. Find. Treat. Cure TB.
WORLD TB DAY MESSAGE BY HIS EXCELLENCY DR MUSTAPHA SIDIKI KALOKO THE COMMISSIONER FOR SOCIAL AFFAIRS, AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION
Today the African Union renews its clarion call for shared responsibility and global solidarity to end TB under the theme Reach the 1.3 Million in Africa. Find. Treat. Cure TB. Africa is committed to accelerate efforts towards zero TB deaths, zero new infections and zero stigma.
TB treatment success rate in Africa has continued to improve reaching 82% in 2012. The previously increasing incidence of TB has been halted and a decline observed as a result of several years of intensive implementation of global and continental efforts as well as the strengthening of TB/HIV collaborative activities.
With the Africa Health Strategy, Abuja Call and African Union Roadmap expiring in 2015 we have started a continent wide joint reflection process to review progress and to define a new African health framework. We are doing this visioning cognizant of new global health challenges that will need a new global health architecture to supersede the existing one and drive the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goal number three that addresses health.
We know that to end TB our Member States need to continue investing in health systems and community systems. We also know the importance of accelerating innovative domestic financing to ensure sustained and predictable funding. We continue to work with our countries to promote ongoing efforts on the continent to step up investments and ensure value for money in the TB response by investing in interventions with the highest impact at the lowest cost.
We take this opportunity of the global commemorations to call for renewed commitments by our Member States to step up efforts to implement the Abuja actions toward the elimination of tuberculosis in Africa by 2030. This includes ensuring that we address TB/HIV co-infection, scale-up technology for early diagnosis and maximize potential for effective access to medicines through local production.
We urge Member States to continue on the path to strengthen mechanisms to increase coverage and access to services for detection and treatment of TB, Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and TB in children and vulnerable populations. It is crucial that Governments maximize opportunities to diversify sources and increase domestic resource allocation for health to ensure sustainability of the response. We further urge our Member States to take action to support the 2016 replenishment of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria as a major contributor to Africa’s response.
This World TB Day we call for renewed efforts and action at all levels to ensure that no TB case goes undiagnosed, untreated or uncured. We join the world in reiterating the urgent need to fill the current funding gap of US$ 2 billion per year for TB interventions and the immediate need to fill the US$ 1.39 billion annual gap for research and development. We should all join efforts to remove access barriers to all recommended TB diagnostics and drugs and addressing TB and MDR-TB as global health security threats.
TB is everyone's concern. It is our shared responsibility to end it. Together we will reach the 1.3 Million people who need TB treatment in Africa. Let us Find Treat and Cure TB.

H.E TUMUSIIME RHODA PEACE
COMMISSIONER, RURAL ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURE
AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION

STATEMENT ON THE OCCASION OF COMMEMORATING THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF FORESTS
20 MARCH 2015 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Your Excellency Mrs. Dialo Amina Djibo, Ambassador of Niger and Chair of this Session

Ms. Susan Minae, Ag. Coordinator of the FAO Liaison Office for eastern and Southern Africa and other officials of FAO

Your Excellences, Ambassadors and other membersof the diplomatic corps
Distinguish partners

The Staff of the African Union Commission

Ladies and Gentlemen

It is my pleasure welcoming you all to the commemoration of the International Day of Forests. This Day, March 21 was declared by the General Assembly of the United Nations to draw attention to the important social, economic, spiritual, cultural and environmental roles forests and trees play throughout the world. The Resolution calls upon countries, regional and international organizations to commemorate the Day to raise awareness and enhance commitment at all levels of society to protect and conserve forests.

Your Excellences, the commemoration is not only about recalling the benefits of forests but it is equally about raising awareness on the dangers facing the global forest cover especially in the developing countries. These perils include among others, deforestation and forest degradation. These tendencies have increased in many parts of the world including our own continent. As we struggle in the face of continuing population growth and the growing demands to ensure food security, forest lands are converted to make way for agriculture, trees are cut for energy and forest lands cleared for settlement and infrastructure. It is imperative that we establish a balance between forest clearance, reforestations and conservation of forest lands. We need this balance for the stability of our ecosystem on whose wellbeing depend our own ultimate survival.

As you may be aware, forests and woodlands occupy an estimated 650 million ha or 21.8 per cent of the land area of Africa which amounts to 16.8 percent of the global forest cover (FAO 2005). The Congo Basin in Central Africa is home to the world’s second largest continuous block of tropical forest. The forest sector in Africa plays an important role in the livelihoods of communities and economies in Africa. This is particularly so in Western, Central and Eastern Africa where there is considerableforest cover. Africa has the highest per capita forest cover at 0.8 ha per person compared to 0.6 ha globally(FAO 2002). On average, forests account for 6 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Africa,which is the highest in the world. Forests and woodlands also contribute to the long-term social and economic development goals of Africa. They provide energy, food, timber and non-timber products and are important contributor to wealth and health at the household, community and national levels.

The role of forests is increasingly being recognized in efforts to adapt to, and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Deforestation and forest degradation accounts for about 18 per cent of global emission of carbon oxide. Thus, controlling this source of emission is a crucial step in averting further global warming. Forests too act as huge carbon sinks, sequestrating carbon in the biomass of trees and in the soil. This has been nature’s way of maintaining the balance over the millennia.

In facing the challenges of climate change; forest protection and conservation must be an integral part of our adaptation and mitigation measures. The concept of sustainable forest management must be emphasised. We must integrate agriculture and forestry more closely. We cannot continue to expand agriculture at the expense of the forest cover. It will not lead us to sustainable livelihoods. Our requirements for energy and other products from the forest must be balanced with the capacity of the forest to provide these good and services on long-term basis. This is very important also considering that 60% of disasters especially in our part of the world are nature-related.

Your Excellences, you would recall that in June 2014, the AU Assembly called for the development of a Regional Framework on Sustainable Forest Management in Africa. In the implementation of this land-mark decision, the AU Commission, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ Regional Office for Africa, is elaborating a Sustainable Forest Management Framework for the continent. This document will contribute to laying down a strong foundation for the rational utilization and management of our forest heritage.

I would, therefore, like to extend to the FAO the appreciation of the Commission for this valuable support. I am happy to say and acknowledge that this is just an example of the numerous areas of mutual collaboration my Department, Rural Economy and Agriculture, has with the FAO. We really value your support and look forward to our continued collaboration. Please convey my regards to HE Dr. da Silva, the DG of FAO; he has always been with us and remains supportive of all our initiatives.

Let me use this opportunity to also mention and other relevant programmes. The AUC has developed a number of flagship Programmes aiming at sustainable land and water management. These include the Great Green Wall of the Sahara and Sahel Initiative and Fouta Djallon Highlands programme..
Women are a central stakeholder in the use and management of the forest; considering the theme of year; forest resources are very important for the promotion and empowerment of the women on the continent.It is in this context that we are promoting the production and marketing of Gum Arabic which is a vital economic crop in many of the Sahelian countries.

The Commission is also working closely with the African Forest Forum within the framework of our memorandum of understanding to provide support to AU Member States and to enhance their participation in the consultative sessions of the United Nations Forum on Forests which will hold its 11th session in May, 2015. This session will provide a critical space for Africa to articulate its priorities and concerns with regards to sustainable forest management.

The commemoration today also provides us with an opportunity to assess our preparedness for the forthcoming XIV World Forestry Congress taking place in Durban, South Africa in September this year. This is an important conference for our continent. It is the first that Africa has the chance to host a forestry conference of this importance and size. We must use the Congress to showcase and share with the rest of world Africa’s best practices and success stories of forest management. We must also use it to highlight our challenges and opportunities to do better. I appeal to Your Excellences to assist in raising awareness in the capitals on the importance of the Congress. This will allow Africa to play a centre stage in the Congress. It is a chance for the whole of Africa to celebrate forestry with the global community.

Before concluding, I would once again like to thank all of you for honouring our invitation to grace this important event. Let me also thank FAO again and the panellists for agreeing to partner with us to commemorate this Day.

I wish you all a happy commemoration.

I thank you for your kind attention.

Opening speech by HE Deputy Chairperson
On Africa Lifestyle Day

Courtesies
Dear Participants, Ladies and gentlemen,
A healthy lifestyle involves regular physical activity or exercise, healthy eating habits, reducing stress, avoiding tobacco use and alcohol abuse. Adopting a healthy lifestyle reduces the risk of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) like High blood pressure (Hypertension), overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), high levels of fat in the blood (Hyperlipidemia), various cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and injuries.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has projected that by 2020, 73% of all deaths worldwide will be due to NCDs and that the burden of disease due to NCDs will rise by more than 60% in LMICs (including countries in Sub Saharan Africa).

The Theme for this year’s commemoration is ‘Tobacco- free environment starts with you’

This theme is relevant and in line with the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly’s fifth global target of reducing the prevalence of current tobacco use by 30% by the year 2025 and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The theme has been selected because of the vital role tobacco use plays in causing, aggravating or increasing the risk of developing several NCDs thereby affecting the health of millions of Africans. It recognises that all people have a right to breathe clean air and stresses the fact that each of us has a responsibility in ensuring that our environment is tobacco-free.

Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the world. About six million people are currently estimated to die annually from tobacco use, with over 600 000 deaths due to exposure to second-hand smoke ( 170 000 of these deaths occur among children). Unless something substantial is done, this annual total is projected to increase to 8 million by 2030. In Africa, tobacco-attributable mortality is currently around 3%. For an avoidable cause of death, these figures are unacceptably high.

The African Union Commission, now more than ever is committed to a “tobacco-free Africa”. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was created with this in mind. The commitment was started in 1999 and intensified in the following years, leading to a unified voice in Africa committing to tobacco control and improved public health.

Every effort should be made to ensure that people that use tobacco are assisted to stop, new smokers are prevented from starting, exposure to second hand tobacco smoke is prevented and the production and sale of tobacco products is reduced.

This is the time for action. Africa must show leadership in ensuring that the present tide is reversed and that the next generation will suffer less from the harmful effects of tobacco.

I wish you and all of Africa a happy 2015 Africa Healthy Lifestyle Day commemoration.

I thank you.