The oral hearings planned by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) have been concluded at the Seat of the Tribunal. The African Union (AU) delivered a compelling address on Thursday, 21^st of September, 2023 centered on the pressing matter of International Law and Climate Change. The AU, steadfast in its commitment to tackling the paramount challenge of climate change, presented compelling arguments for immediate global action.

This request, initiated by the Commission of Small Island States (COISIS) on 12 December 2022, has garnered international attention and positioned the AU as a preeminent intergovernmental organization, representing a coalition of fifty-five member states in Africa. It has played a pivotal role in providing substantial and pertinent information directly pertinent to the queries posed by COSIS, seeking an advisory opinion from the Tribunal.

This comprehensive contribution encompassed the viewpoints of AU regarding the interpretation of pertinent UNCLOS provisions, a detailed exposition of the factual implications of climate change on African Member States and their populations, as well as the distinctive concerns of the continent. These concerns extended beyond the impacts of climate change and its ramifications, encompassing the unilateral economic measures adopted by certain states in their endeavors to combat climate change. In this capacity, the AU efficiently delivered the essential factual and legal information, precisely addressing the questions presented to the Tribunal, as mandated by Article 133, paragraph 2 of the Rules of UNCLOS.

In a significant development underscoring its dedication to addressing climate change head-on, the AU's Office of the Legal Counsel (OLC) submitted a ground-breaking proposal adopted by the AU policy organs.

This pivotal decision represents a formidable stride taken by the AU in the global battle against climate change. It demonstrates the AU's steadfast dedication to combating the far-reaching impacts of climate change, with particular emphasis on its vulnerable island states. 

The African Union Delegation was led by Amb. Tordeta Ratebaye, Deputy Chief of Staff, Cabinet of the Chairperson and accompanied by Mr.Mohamed Salem Khalil Boukhari  Acting Legal Counsel who  were accompanied by a team of SIDLEY Austin LLP, namely Lockhart, Nicolas J.S. and Deepak Raju as well as Professor Mamadou Hebie who meticulously presented a comprehensive oral statement that underscored AU’s dedication to addressing critical environmental issues on the global stage.

H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat’s keynote address during the Africa Climate Summit, KICC, Nairobi, were documented in the oral proceedings as follows: "African countries are faced with disproportionate burdens and risks, arising from unpredictable meteorological phenomena, notably prolonged droughts and devastating floods at all levels. The resulting humanitarian crises have adverse effects on the economy, health, education, peace, and security..." The quote emphasized the disproportionate burdens and risks that African Member States that are facing as a result of unpredictable meteorological phenomena, most notably prolonged droughts and devastating floods at all levels. These climate-related challenges have led to humanitarian crises that are adversely affecting various aspects of African society, including the economy, health, education, peace, and security.

As the Oral Hearing will reached its conclusion on Monday 25 September 2023, the AU Delegation expressed optimism that the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea would take into account the pressing urgency of the climate crisis when considering potential international legal remedies. They called upon the international community to prioritize decisive climate action and collaborate steadfastly to safeguard our oceans and coastal regions for the well-being of current and future generations.

Background Note to Editors:

• The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), is the world’s highest maritime court, and is based in Hamburg, Germany. The Tribunal rules exclusively on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). 
• The COSIS was established as an international organisation pursuant to the 2021 Agreement for the Establishment of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (the “Climate Commission Agreement”). Current COSIS Members are Antigua and Barbuda, Tuvalu, the Republic of Palau (subject to approval under its internal law), Niue, the Republic of Vanuatu, and Saint Lucia.  The Climate Commission Agreement authorises the COSIS to request advisory opinions from the ITLOS on any legal question within the scope of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the “UNCLOS”).
• The following States Parties to the Convention have submitted their Written Proceedings to the Tribunal as follows: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Poland, New Zealand, Japan, Norway, Germany, Italy, China, European Union, Mozambique, Australia, Mauritius, Indonesia, Latvia, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Egypt, Brazil, France, Chile, Bangladesh, Nauru, Belize, Portugal, Canada, Guatemala, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Djibouti as well as Intergovernmental Organizations that were invited to submit written statements pursuant to articles 138, paragraph 3, and 133, paragraph 3, of the Rules of the Tribunal such as United Nations, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), International Maritime Organization (IMO), Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS), Pacific Community (SPC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), African Union, International Seabed Authority (ISA).
• The following made their oral statements before the Tribunal including: Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS), Germany, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Portugal, Djibouti, Guatemala, India, Nauru, Indonesia, Latvia, Mauritius, Micronesia (Federated States of), New Zealand, Republic of Korea, China, Mexico, Mozambique, Norway, Belize, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone, European Union, European Union, Pacific Community (SPC), the Union of Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the African Union, France, Italy, the Netherlands and  the United Kingdom.

For further information:

Ms. Meseret Fassil Assefa | Legal Associate | Office of the Legal Counsel Email: meseretf@africa-union.org

Information and Communication Directorate, African Union Commission I E-mail: DIC@africa-union.org  
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